NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONS AS A HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION MECHANISM: THE CASES OF THE OMBUDSMAN AND HUMAN RIGHTS AND EQUALITY INSTITUTION OF TURKEY - Is the equality institution authorized to develop standards and provide information, advice, guidance and support to individuals and institutions in the public and private sectors on good practice for promoting and achieving equality and preventing discrimination and intolerance? (ECRI GPT2, para. 13(g)) - Does the mandate of the equality institution cover the promotion of and support for the use of positive action to remedy inequality in the public and private sectors? (ECRI GPT2, para. 13(h)) - Does the mandate of the equality institution cover support for the implementation of the general duty on all authorities to promote equality and prevent discrimination in carrying out their functions as recommended in ECRI’s General Policy Recommendation No. 7 and the establishment of standards for its implementation and, where appropriate, enforcement of them? (ECRI GPT2, para. 13(i)) - Is the equality institution authorized to monitor the implementation of its recommendations? (ECRI GPT2, para. 13(l)) - Is the equality institution responsible for tracking decisions made by courts and other decision-making bodies? (ECRI GPT2, para. 13(m)) - Does the mandate of the equality institution cover the development of a communications strategy to shape and guide its awareness raising? (ECRI GPT2, para. 34) - Does the mandate of the equality institution cover carrying out independent surveys regularly? (Recommendation of the European Commission, para. 1.1.1.(7)) - Does the mandate of the equality institution cover conducting independent research and collecting data on the number of complaints or cases filed per discrimination ground, the functioning and outcome of administrative and judicial proceedings for the purpose of obtaining independent reports of high quality? (Recommendation of the European Commission, para. 1.1.1.(9)) B- Composition and Guarantees of Independence and Pluralism Section two of the Paris Principles titled "Composition and Guarantees of Independence and Pluralism" touches upon the identification of persons to be assigned in the national institution and the composition of members. In this context, it is possible to create these indicators by considering the Paris Principles, ECRI GPT2 and the Recommendation of the European Commission. - Are the composition of the national institution and the appointment of its members, whether by means of an election or otherwise, established in accordance with a procedure which affords all necessary guarantees to ensure the pluralist representation of the social forces and civil society involved in the protection and promotion of human rights, particularly by powers which will enable effective cooperation to be established with, or through the presence of, representatives of civil society organizations responsible for human rights and efforts to combat discrimination, trade unions, concerned social and professional organizations, for example, associations of lawyers, doctors, journalists and eminent scientists; trends in philosophical or religious thought; universities and qualified experts; legislative bodies and public institutions? (Paris Principles) - Is the equality institution equipped with an infrastructure which is suited to the 12