NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONS AS A HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION MECHANISM: THE CASES OF THE OMBUDSMAN AND HUMAN RIGHTS AND EQUALITY INSTITUTION OF TURKEY - - - - - for the teaching of, and research into, human rights and to take part in their execution in schools, universities and professional organizations? (Paris Principles) Is the equality institution authorized to publicize efforts to combat all forms of discrimination, in particular racial discrimination, by increasing public awareness, especially through information and education and by making use of all press organs? (Paris Principles) Does the mandate of the equality institution cover the promotion and achievement of equality, prevention and elimination of discrimination and intolerance, including structural discrimination and hate speech, and promotion of diversity and of good relations between persons belonging to all the different groups in society? (ECRI GPT2, para. 4(a)) Does the mandate of the equality institution cover the discrimination grounds covered by ECRI’s mandate, which are “race”, color, language, religion, citizenship, national or ethnic origin, sexual orientation and gender identity, as well as multiple and intersectional discrimination on these grounds and any other grounds such as those covered by Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights while also integrating a gender perspective covering additional grounds such as sex, gender, age and disability? (ECRI GPT2, para. 4(b)) Does the mandate of the equality institution cover all areas in both the public and private sectors, in particular: employment, membership of professional organizations, education, training, housing, health, social protection and social advantages, social and cultural activities, goods and services intended for the public, whether commercially or freely available, public places, exercise of economic activity and public services including law enforcement and hate speech? (ECRI GPT2, para. 4(c); Recommendation of the European Commission, para. 1.1.1(2)) Can the equality institution provide personal support and legal advice and assistance to support the victims of discrimination and secure their rights before institutions and adjudicatory bodies? (ECRI GPT2, para. 14(a)) Can the equality institution have recourse to mediation procedures? (ECRI GPT2, para. 14(b)) Can the equality institution have recourse to administrative and judicial procedures by representing, with their consent, the victims of discrimination before administrative and judicial bodies? (ECRI GPT2, para. 14(c)) Can the equality institution bring cases of individual and structural discrimination and intolerance in its own name before administrative and judicial bodies? (ECRI GPT2, para. 14(d)) Can the equality institution intervene as amicus curiae, third party or expert before administrative and judicial bodies? (ECRI GPT2, para. 14(e)) Is the equality institution authorized to monitor the execution of decisions of administrative and judicial bodies? (ECRI GPT2, para. 14(f)) Can the equality institution raise public awareness on the legislation for equality, diversity, equal treatment, non-discrimination and mutual understanding? (ECRI GPT2, para. 13(a)) Does the mandate of the equality institution cover the creation of a continuous dialogue with groups experiencing discrimination and intolerance and their representative organisations, and with organisations working more generally on human rights and equality issues? (ECRI GPT2, para. 13(b)) 11