THE PERCEPTION OF DISCRIMINATION IN TURKEY
How these perceptions differentiate? We can answer this question arguing that
the existing relations of domination in Turkey have two dimensions: Ethnic/
identity and class. The dominant position crystallizes in the combination of the
following qualities: Turkish, Sunni, Native, Male, Heterosexual, Middle-aged,
Non-disabled, Wealthy, supporter of the current status quo. Individuals having
more of these qualities, either from birth or acquired later, are more likely to
approach the Exceptional Perception of Discrimination. Again, those who have
least of the same qualifications approach the Affinitive Perception of Discrimination. On the other hand, especially for those not belonging to the advantageous groups in the class hierarchy but favoured in the ethnic / identity hierarchy, the Ego-centric Perception of Discrimination is relatively strong.
In the struggle against discrimination, it is crucial to obtain the active contribution of those who have the Affinitive Perception of Discrimination. However,
it should not be forgotten that this group is a small minority. Interactions with
Ego-centric Perception of Discrimination can have meaningful consequences in
combating discrimination. This group is more likely to understand the situation
of other discriminated groups than those who have the Exceptional Perception
of Discrimination due to their experience of discrimination.
On the other hand, another phenomenon that we observed during the research
is that awareness of discrimination develops in connection with experience and
necessity. The fact that a person or his/her/their family is being subjected to
discrimination due to certain qualities that have not been acquired and making
constant efforts to deal with it makes it easier for him/her/them to look at all
types of discrimination from a point transgressing prejudice. However, the experience that enables awareness on discrimination is not necessarily a result of
obligation. The person experiencing incidental experiences with the people he/
she/they have prejudices about make it easier for him/her/them to overcome
discriminatory attitudes.
Another important finding of the study is the differentiation of discrimination
types among themselves. Perception of forms of discrimination based on ethnicity, religion and gender etc., which are related domination relations reflected
in political and cultural conflicts, are not parallel with the perception of discrimination against elderly, young people and disabled people. Discrimination
based on ethnicity, religion and gender stands out as the more known forms of
discrimination due to their integration to politics. However, being aware of discrimination on a subject does not necessarily mean having an attitude against
that discrimination. As we mentioned above, the position in ethnic/identity
and/or class relations determines the attitude of one's awareness of these discriminations as justified or unjustified.
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