INTRODUCTION or by imposing special conditions on them; or by providing a variety of advantages to members of another category." However, the inclusion of discrimination in universal legal texts should not be understood, as if the concept has become one of the priority subjects of social sciences. Primary subjects of studies in post-war Europe firstly focused on the efforts to reach an explanation framework of the experiences of fascism left behind. Also, at the same time, it focused on the problems of transition to consumer society and issues caused by modernization in industry. At this point, the United States of America (USA) is an exemption. The African American Civil Rights Movement, which emerged primarily in the USA in the 1950s and 1960s, brings the issue of discrimination not only to the agenda of politics but also to the agenda of social sciences. Discrimination starts to be considered together with the concept of power relations. Accordingly, discrimination at the social level, which brings about the formation of majority and minority groups, serves to reproduce structural power relations.6 However, as we have said, such academic interest in the issue of discrimination is almost exclusive to the United States. One of the main reasons for the situation is that the concept of discrimination become meaningful within the perspective of "equality of opportunity" which is the founding notion of justice of the USA. In post-war Continental Europe, inequalities are discussed around the question of the reproduction of power relations in favour of the (economic, cultural, social capital) capital owners. In other words, differentiating from the United States, the problem of structural inequality of positions become prominent in Europe, not the inequality of opportunities between individuals or groups. Reduction of the differences between positions- the wage gap between manager and employee, or the value gap between the diploma of an elite school and vocational school- is at the centre of public debate. As such, the concept of discrimination cannot take its place in the dominant discussion of inequality of positions in Europe until the 1990s. The situation will almost follow the same path in Turkey. And what could be the reason for this? What changes after the 1990s that the concept of discrimination comes into prominence? Of course, there is no single answer to this question. However, even by touching on one of the answers, we may have some explanations. For our discussion, the most important consequence of the neoliberal transformation and marketization, which gained momentum in the 1980s, would be 6 Bereni, L., ve V.-A. Chappe. 2011. “La Discrimination, de La Qualification Juridique à l’outil Sociologique.” Politix, 94 (2): s. 16. 7